- If our vision is the elimination of SIFs, we need to eliminate SIF conditions.
- Thus, every high-energy hazard should have a corresponding direct control.
- If a direct control is not feasible, we should have an alternative controls.
High Energy: Controlling the Uncontrollable
Controls save lives. But what makes a control adequate? Leveraging principles of energy-based safety and human performance, a control is now considered adequate if it: (1) effectively mitigates a high-energy hazard; (2) is installed, verified, and used properly; and (2) is immune to unintentional human error. When these criteria are met, a control is labeled a Direct Control. Although a clear definition now exists, initial site testing revealed that Direct Controls are often infeasible, even in common work scenarios.
This project will explore why Direct Controls are sometimes challenging; how to determine if an alternative work plan is sufficient; and how to continuously monitor the state of high-energy when workers are exposed. In pursuit of a future where all high-energy hazards have Direct Controls, this project will also create a long-term roadmap that includes a technological, engineering, psychological, and managerial solutions.
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Raheemy, Y., Sherratt, F. and Hallowell, M.R., 2025. What is safety? contemporary definitions and interpretations across North America. Safety Science, 185, p.106798. [ACCESS HERE]
Raheemy, Y., Sherratt, F. and Hallowell, M. (2026) ‘What is a safety “control”? A systematic review of the lexicon of safety controls for defense and prevention’, Journal of Safety Research. [ACCESS HERE]
Raheemy, Y., Sherratt, F. and Hallowell, M. (2026) ‘What is a safety “control”? A systematic review of the lexicon of safety controls for defense and prevention’, Journal of Safety Research, 97, pp. 492–508. [ACCESS HERE]
2024 CSRA Safety Summit
Alternative Controls
STKY Challenge
Team
Ryan Edgerton (Chair)
Pembina
Guy Hairfield (Vice Chair)
California Resources Corp
Carl Molter
Allan Myers
Zach Huhmann
Ames
Michelle Gray
Holder Construction
Derrick Christensen
Granite Construction
Ryan Keane
OTIS
Brian Karas
Skanska
James Upton
Urbint
Mohammad Yaqoob Raheemy
CU Boulder
Jim Lewis
Ameren
Nidal Naaman
Bird Construction
Melissa Rohrer
Entergy
Jeff Davis
Kiewit
Reg Sopka
PCL
Betty Justus
POWER Engineers
Charlie Engel
The Austin Company
Matt Hallowell
CU Boulder
Justin Tourdot
ACIG
Greg Bloss
American Electric Power
Barry Downes
Davey
Luke Bowley
Eversource Energy
Kenton Heuertz
MasTec
Aaron Schoemaker
M.C. Dean
Michael Teran
Southern California Edison
Bobby Lu
SoCalGas
Fred Sherratt
CU Boulder