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Hierarchy of Energy Controls
Lays out the hierarchy of energy-based controls: Direct Controls that address energy itself and Alternative Controls that address human error, all aimed at preventing serious injuries and fatalities. A clear framework for controlling high-energy hazards.
High Energy: Controlling the Uncontrollable
Explains the rules for Direct and Alternative Controls on high-energy hazards, the 'Stuff That Kills You,' including the three requirements of a Direct Control and when alternative controls are required. A concise reference for keeping high-energy work safe.
CSRA Research Roadmap #1: Work Zone Management
The CSRA's research roadmap on Work Zone Management, produced from its 2024 STKY Challenge, charting the path toward eliminating serious injuries and fatalities through energy-based safety. Sets out what is known and where research is headed.
A Guide to Decluttering Safety
A field-ready guide to spotting 'safety clutter,' the activities that consume time and attention without improving safety, using definitions, probing questions, examples, and countermeasures for each type. Designed for use during safety walks, reviews, and planning.
Decluttering Safety Report
The full research report behind the decluttering model, developed with 28 safety professionals and field experiments at eleven sites, presenting a diagnostic approach to identify, classify, and remove safety clutter.
Safety Clutter Classification (SCC) Model
The taxonomy at the heart of decluttering safety, classifying clutter into families and types, each with a definition, real field examples, and a countermeasure, so teams can name and remove what isn't adding value.
A Guide to High Quality Incident Information
A guide to gathering accurate, useful information from post-incident interviews, framing investigation as learning rather than blame. Helps investigators uncover the information that improves processes and prevents recurrence.
Check Yourself - Avoid Bias
A pocket guide to recognizing and avoiding the cognitive biases that distort incident investigations. "Check Yourself" helps investigators reach fairer, more accurate conclusions about what really happened.
Managing Last-Minute Change
Summarizes a visual experiment showing that even when hyper-focused, workers miss about one in four changes on a worksite and routinely downplay the risk of the changes they fail to notice. It reveals how risk perception depends less on the actual hazard than on whether a worker personally spots the change.
Summarizes an experiment showing how workers can fail to hear critical warning sounds while focused on a task, detecting barely over half of high-risk sounds when working alone. Highlights why lone work and last-minute change raise the risk of missing danger.
Mental Health Where Do We Start
An honest guide to mental health in construction that acknowledges its complexity and warns against well-meaning but unproven interventions. A responsible starting point for supporting worker mental health within the limits of non-professionals.
A Guide to Managing Excessive Job Demand
Practical guidance for reducing the excessive job demands that harm construction workers' mental health, organized as a hierarchy of actions, from steps that can be taken right away to larger changes that take time.
Quality of Mental Health Intervention
A survey tool that measures how effective a mental health intervention actually was, asking workers whether it reduced stress, conflict, and harassment and improved wellbeing. Helps organizations evaluate real impact rather than assume it.
Safety Observations Scorecard
An interactive tool for scoring the quality of a safety observation against research-based criteria, giving observers a precise, reliable measure of how well the activity was carried out, not just that it happened.
Leadership Engagement Scorecard
An interactive tool for rating the quality of a field leadership engagement, helping leaders gauge how effectively they prepared for, connected with, and learned from frontline workers.
Pre-Job Meeting Scorecard
An interactive tool for scoring the quality of a pre-job safety meeting against best-practice criteria, so crews can measure how thoroughly hazards and work steps were addressed before work begins.
The Life Model
A simple decision-tree tool that classifies an injury as life-ending, life-threatening, or life-altering to determine whether it qualifies as a Serious Injury or Fatality (SIF). It gives organizations a consistent, defensible way to identify the events that matter most.
EEI - Serious Injury and Fatality
Defines what counts as a Serious Injury or Fatality (SIF) through clear criteria for work-related, life-threatening, and life-altering injuries. Developed via Edison Electric Institute's safety committee to standardize how the industry classifies serious events.
17 Years of Data
A one-page summary of the four key findings from the landmark TRIR study: TRIR is unrelated to fatalities, injuries occur almost randomly, and TRIR is statistically invalid for comparing organizations.
The Statistical Invalidity of TRIR
A research report showing, from 17 years of data and over a trillion worker hours, that TRIR has no statistical link to fatalities and is largely random. It explains why TRIR should not be used to compare companies, projects, or teams.
How to Deliver High-Quality Safety Training
A practical guide for trainers on the attributes that make safety training effective and engaging, drawn from the experiences of 143 workers and 190 trainers across the US and Canada.
TRIR Calculator
An interactive calculator that reveals the statistical uncertainty behind any TRIR figure, showing how wide its true margin of error is. It lets users test firsthand why TRIR can't reliably distinguish the safety performance of one company, project, or team from another.
Measuring Safety Culture
Using a spaghetti-and-meatballs analogy, this piece explains why safety culture can't be captured by a single number: what we do, think, and feel about safety each require different, scientifically validated tools to measure.
The Science of Safety Culture
Explains why "safety culture" resists easy measurement: there is no agreed scientific definition, and common metrics like TRIR can't capture it. A grounded look at what the science actually says about safety culture.
Devloped Rules Regarding High Energy Controls
Defines the specific rules for applying high-energy controls: when alternative controls are needed, how many, and what training and planning must accompany them. A precise rulebook for field application of high-energy control principles.
Guidance for high-quality safety observations
Sets the standard for what a high-quality safety observation looks like: how to tour a site, engage workers, and make recommendations that genuinely improve safety rather than simply audit for compliance.
High Quality Pre-Job Safety Meetings Guide
A guide to running pre-job safety meetings that actually anticipate and prevent hazards. Covers what to discuss, who should lead, and how to make these brief conversations a cornerstone of the safety program.
Field Guide to Effective Leadership Engagements
A field guide for leaders on what to do before, during, and after an engagement with frontline workers. Practical guidance for communicating values, listening actively, and strengthening safety culture.
Leadership Engagement Scorecard (Observer)
A scorecard for rating a leadership engagement from an observer's point of view, scoring whether the leader was prepared, attentive, and genuinely connected with workers. Pairs with the worker version for a fuller picture of engagement quality.
Leadership Engagement Scorecard (Worker)
A scorecard for rating a leadership engagement from the worker's point of view, using weighted statements about whether the leader listened, connected personally, and understood the job. A simple way to measure engagement quality as workers experience it.
Pre-Job Safety Meeting Scorecard
Peer-reviewed Publications
Safety in the Board Room 2025
Energy-Based Risk Assessment: does magnitude and intensity of energy predict injury severity?
A foundational study testing whether the magnitude and intensity of energy predict how severe an injury will be, establishing the link between high-energy hazards and serious injuries and fatalities. It provides the scientific basis for focusing on the 'Stuff That Kills You' (STKY).
The Energy Wheel: The Art & Science of Energy-Based Hazard Recognition
Introduces the Energy Wheel, a tool that organizes workplace hazards by their source of energy to help workers and crews systematically spot dangers they might otherwise overlook. A practical prompt for broader, more complete hazard recognition.